中外政府与高校权力博弈模式比较研究

林荣日

（复旦大学 高等教育研究所，上海 200433）

【摘要】本文分析了加拿大、美国等西方国家政府与高校权力博弈模式的主要特征，并在此基础上，详细探讨了转型期中国政府与高校权力博弈模式的特点及其演变方式。本文认为，西方国家政府与高校权力博弈模式共有四种，一是高校自治型；二是高校主导型；三是政府主导型；四是政府专制型。其中，高校自治型主要出现于欧洲中世纪中晚期，而政府专制型只在19世纪后期以来才在个别国家出现，目前大多数西方国家都是实行高校主导型或政府主导型。从新中国成立到1992年，中国政府与高校权力博弈模式均为政府专制型，此后才逐步演化为政府主导型。最后，笔者还提出了构建新型政府与高校权力博弈模式的设想。

【关键词】西方国家；政府；高校；权力；权力博弈

【中图分类号】G649.22

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1007-2179（2007）01-0032-12

A Comparative Study on Power Game Models of Government and 

Universities between China and Foreign Countries

LIN Rongri

（Fudan University，Shanghai 200433, China）

Abstract: The thesis firstly analyzed some major characteristics of power game models between government and universities in such western countries as Canada and USA etc., then the author probed into the features and their evolved manners of power game models in great detail between Chinese government and universities during the transforming stage (since 1978). The author believe that there are four models of power game between government and universities in Western countries, which are university selfrunning, university dominating, government dominating and government despotism，and thereinto the university selfrunning model was mainly found in the middle and anaphase stages of European Middle Ages and the government despotism model has appeared in a very few of countries since the end of 19st century, but at present most Western countries are carrying out the model of university dominating or government dominating. The power game model of Chinese government and universities was government despotism from 1949 till 1992, but it has been transformed gradually into government dominating since 1993. Finally, the author brought forward an assumption to reconstruct the new power game model between Chinese government and universities.

Key words: western countries; government; universities; power; power game