学习类型、认知加工和教学结果

——当代著名教育心理学家理查德·梅耶的学习观一瞥

盛群力

（浙江大学 教育学院，浙江杭州 310028）

【摘要】学习从本质上来说是一种知识建构。学习时形成三种记忆的过程离不开对信息进行选择、组织和整合。促使教学结果从重视保持走向关注迁移，关键是要花力气将机械学习转变为意义学习。为此，需要独辟蹊径，稳妥而扎实地推进教学改革。

【关键词】知识建构； 学习类型； 认知加工； 教学结果

【中图分类号】G442  【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1007-2179（2004）04-0043-03

Types of Learning, Cognitive Processing and Instructional Outcomes

A Brief Glimpse of R. Mayer's Perspective of Learning

SHENG Qunli

(School of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310028， China)

Abstract: Learning can be interpreted in nature as knowledge construction, and the selection，organization and integration of information are indispensable for the three types of memory involved in learning. The exploration of the influence of teaching on learning has been the main pursuit of educational psychology and has revealed that the shift of spotlight from retention to transfer as instructional outcomes calls for an energetic change from rote learning to meaningful learning,which means to develop a new instructional approach by pushing on steady and substantial innovation.

Key words: knowledge construction; types of learning; cognitive processing; instructional outcomes