■本栏目由北京师范大学知识科学与工程研究所与本刊合办

一种关于“个人发展”的隐性知识结构

黄荣怀  郑兰琴

（北京师范大学 知识科学与工程研究所，北京 100875）

【摘要】一个人成功与否，与机遇、智力、知识、性格、价值观、人生观等许多因素都相关。然而，有哪些自身的因素与个人成功直接相关呢？研究表明，IQ只是影响个人发展的一个方面。那么，如何更为全面地描述影响个人发展的因素呢？该文从个人知识与“经验”的视野分析认为：隐性知识是描述影响个人发展的因素的重要途径。然后，结合斯腾伯格的成功智力理论与波兰尼的隐性知识理论，作者提出了一种关于个人发展的隐性知识结构框架。

【关键词】隐性知识； 个人发展； 成功； 自我管理； 他人管理； 任务管理

【中图分类号】G434

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1007-2179（2005）02-0026-05

The Structure of Tacit Knowledge on Personal Development

HUANG Ronghuai & ZHENG Lanqi

(Research Institute of Knowledge Science and Engineering,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875，China)

Abstract: Why some people have excellent academic aptitude, but they failed in career, while some people who are common in school are excellent in career. Apparently, one’s success is related to many factors such as opportunity, intelligence, knowledge, personality, value point, value outlook, outlook on life etc., and then which factors are immediately related to one’s success? Some research showed that IQ is one aspect of influencing people’s success in work. Then how to give a comprehensive description of the factors which influence personal development? This paper presents a viewpoint that tacit knowledge is a crucial approach to describe factors of personal development, and then proposes a framework of tacit knowledge concerning personal development by integrating Sternberg's theory of Successful Intelligence and Polanyi's theory of Tacit Knowledge.

Key words: tacit knowledge; personal development; success; managing self; managing others; managing tasks