从活动理论看学校学习

郑太年

（华东师范大学 课程与教学系， 上海 200062）

【摘要】本文简要概述了活动理论对维果茨基思想的继承、发展及活动理论自身的发展情况，以活动理论的视角分析传统的学校学习中存在的问题并提出解决的途径，包括通过作为学习目标的知识向学习任务的转化，使学习成为一种探究性的活动，学生通过积极参与和主动建构获得新知识，了解知识的意义；同时关注学习过程中的个体和共同体；注重学习和教学过程的动态性和非预定性。

【关键词】维果茨基思想； 活动理论； 学习创新

【中图分类号】G420

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1007-2179（2005）01-0064-05

Thinking Learning in School from Activity Theory Perspective

ZHENG Tainian

(Department of Curriculum and Instruction, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062,China)

Abstract: The paper summarizes development of activity theory and analyzes how it inherits and develops Vygotsky thought. Then, from activity theory perspectives, the paper analyzes problems in learning in school and suggests approaches to solve them including: making learning a kind of inquiry activity by turning knowledge to learning task; making learners get meaning of knowledge by guiding learners’ participation and construction in acquiring knowledge; showing concern on our both individuals and community in learning process; and paying attention to the dynamical and unprescribed nature of learning and instructing process.

Key words: Vygotsky thought; activity theory; innovation of learning