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信息化促进优质教育资源共享
——系统科学的视角
任友群1 徐光涛2 王美3
（1.华东师范大学课程与教学研究所， 上海200062；
2.华东师范大学 教育信息技术学系，上海200062；
3.华东师范大学 开放教育学院，上海200062）
[摘要]当前我国教育发展面临着教育机会均等与教育质量提升的双重重任。教育资源分布不均衡，是制约当前教育发展的主要问题。随着教育信息化进程的不断推进，信息化促进优质教育资源共享成为教育信息化的重要议题。当前，我国资源共享的程度已有明显提高，但如何提高资源共享的效率，是信息化促进优质教育资源共享研究的关键所在。本文从系统科学的视角出发，分析了信息化促进优质教育资源共享系统的核心要素，提出了信息化环境下优质教育资源共享的结构—功能分析框架，并基于此框架探讨了当前实践中影响共享效率的三个典型问题：不同地区学校信息化基础设施和终端设备条件差异巨大；数字化资源建设与使用缺乏有效机制；对于资源共享效率缺乏科学评价和评估方法。最后，在复杂性科学理论的启示下，本文提出了深入推进信息化促进优质教育资源共享实践的若干观点：提高资源共享的适应性效率；资源共享系统的结构与环境共同决定资源共享的功能与效率；整体观和协同论是信息化促进优质资源共享的理论基础；系统综合是实现从微观到宏观资源共享的有效途径。希望本文可以为信息化环境下优质教育资源共享效率问题研究提供一个从共享结构、功能和效率的系统互动关系进行系统思考的新视角。
[关键词]信息化；优质教育资源；资源共享；系统科学
[中图分类号]G436
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1007-2179（05）-0104-08
[收稿日期]2013-08-08[修回日期]2013-08-23
[基金项目]全国教育科学“十二五”规划2012年度国家社科基金教育学重点项目“信息化促进优质教育资源共享研究”（ACA120005）。
[作者简介]任友群，博士，教授，博士生导师，华东师范大学课程与教学研究所研究员，教育科学学院教授，上海数字化教育装备工程技术研究中心主任（yqren@admin.ecnu.edu.cn）；徐光涛，华东师范大学教育信息技术学系在读博士，宁波大学教师教育学院讲师；王美，博士，华东师范大学开放教育学院工程师。
Promoting Qualified Educational Resource Sharing with ICT:
From the Perspective of Systems Science
REN Youqun1, XU Guangtao2 & WANG Mei3
(1.Institute of Curriculum and Instruction,East China Normal University，Shanghai 200062，China;
2.Department of Education Information Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062，
China;3.School of Open Learning and Education, East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062，China)
Abstract: China is facing dual challenges of education development: to provide equal opportunities and to improve the quality. The unequal distribution of educational resources is the main issue restricting the development of education. With the ever-increasing utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) in education, qualified educational resource sharing with ICT becomes one of the key issues of ICT in education. To improve the efficiency of resource sharing is the crux in the research of qualified educational resource sharing with ICT, although the condition of educational resource sharing has improved significantly. Firstly, from the perspective of systems science, the paper analyses the core elements in the ICT-supported resource sharing system in K-12 education, then presents a structure-function analysis framework of ICT-supported resource sharing system, and raises three major problems that are limiting the efficiency of resource sharing in virtue of the structure-function framework, such as the unbalance of allocation of ICT infrastructure and equipment among different schools in different areas, the lack of effective mechanism in construction and utilization of digital educational resources, and the deficiency of scientific measurement and evaluation of the efficiency of educational resource sharing. Finally, the paper puts forward several opinions on how to improve the efficiency of qualified educational resource sharing with ICT as follows: adaptive efficiency must be highly evaluated; the function and efficiency of ICT-supported resource sharing are determined jointly by its structure and the environment; holism and synergetics have the potential to be the theoretical base of ICT-supported resource sharing research; systematic synthesize will be an effective way to improve the efficiency of resource sharing from micro level to macro level. It is our hope to provide an systematic perspective of the interactive relationship among the structure, function and efficiency of ICT-supported educational resource sharing for researchers in the fields in China and elsewhere．
Key words: ICT; qualified educational resources; resource sharing; systems science |
