学习研究新学科创建的辉煌历程

——学习科学成功之道探秘

郑旭东

（南京大学 哲学系，江苏南京 210093）

【摘要】本文通过把握学习科学发展历程中关键学术领袖的贡献，再现了学习科学创建的辉煌历程，揭示了这一学习研究新学科的成功之道：首先，敏锐把握了20世纪下半叶学校教育从“教”向“学”转变，以及相应的教育研究向实践转向的内在需求；其次，通过发展和完善基于设计的研究，奠定了学科发展的方法论根基；再次，以开放胸怀和包容精神创建了一个具有多学科交叉背景的学习科学共同体，开辟了教育研究的第三条道路；最后，准确选择了创新发展的战略支点，通过注重战略研究、纳入国家战略、创新学习文化，实现了跨越式发展。

【关键词】学习科学；成功之道；历史动因；基于设计的研究；巴斯德象限；战略支点；学习文化

【中图分类号】G40.057

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1007-2179(2011)01-0042-09

【作者简介】郑旭东，南京大学哲学系博士后（haige007@yahoo.com.cn）。

The Brilliant Journey to Build A New Science for Learning

Research: The Successful Lessons from Learning Sciences

ZHENG Xudong

(Department of Philosophy, Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

Abstract: In this article, the author discusses several successful lessons from learning sciences, by reviewing the contributions of critical leading experts, so as to present the development history of this new science for learning research. The learning scientists seized the opportunity to shift schooling focus from teaching to learning and also led the turn in educational research. They also established the methodological foundation for intellectual inquiry by developing and refining designbased research. In addition,they built an interdisciplinary scientific community with an open and inclusive mind and developed a third orientation for educational research. Finally, they identified critical strategic leverage points for innovative and leapfrogging development, such as addressing strategic research, initiating national programs, and reinventing new cultures of learning.

Key words: learning sciences; successful lessons; historical dynamics; designbased research; pasteur's quadrant; strategic leverage point; culture of learning