中美网络高等教育宏观结构的比较与分析
樊文强1 刘晓镜2 Richard J.Magjuka2
(1.北京航空航天大学 高等教育研究所,北京 100191;
2.印第安纳大学 商学院,美国 47405)
【摘要】本文通过对学生规模、开展院校、教育层次和学科门类等方面的数据分析与对比,透视中美网络高等教育在宏观结构上的异同。研究发现,网络教育均已成为中美高等教育的重要组成部分,且在学科分布上具有某些相似性;同时中美两国在很多方面存在较明显差异,包括美国高校网络教育参与度高于我国,而我国校均网络教育规模远远大于美国;校园学生选修网络课程是美国网络高等教育的重要部分,而我国网络课程只作为传统校园学生学习的辅助资源,尚不能通过选修来获得相应学分;美国硕士层次网络教育已有一定发展,而我国网络教育基本不提供研究生层次学历教育等。本文认为,这些差异主要源于中美在网络高等教育认识上、制度上及发展模式上的不同,此外也受到高等教育整体环境与发展阶段、学分转移及跨校选课机制等因素的影响。
【关键词】网络教育;宏观结构;高等教育;中美
【中图分类号】G511.9
【文献标识码】A
【文章编号】1007-2179(2009)04-0107-06
【作者简介】樊文强,在读博士生,北京航空航天大学高等教育研究所(fwq@buaa.edu.cn);刘晓镜,博士,美国印第安纳大学Kelly商学院;Richard J. Magjuka,博士,美国印第安纳大学Kelly商学院网络教育项目主管。
Comparative Research on Macrostructures of Online Higher
Education between China and America
FAN Wenqiang1, LIU Xiaojing2, & Richard J. Magjuka2
(1. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China;
2. Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Indiana 47405, USA)
Abstract: The comparisons of online education between China and America in terms of enrollment, offering institutions, levels of education, and discipline structure, indicate that online education has been an important part of higher education both in China and America, and there are similarities in the discipline structures. However, several differences have been identified with respect to online education development between China and America, including: a great number of residential students taking online courses in America, a higher percentage of institutions offering online programs in America, greater enrollment per institution in average in China , the significant development of graduate programs in America. These differences are caused by different policies, philosophies and organizing structures of online education between China and America.
Key words: online education; macro-structures; higher education; China; America |