应用概念图诱出专家知识

——概念图应用的新领域

赵国庆  张  璐

（北京师范大学 知识工程研究中心，北京100875）

【摘要】专家知识一般是指专家解决问题时所使用的经验性、判断性知识。专家知识对于任何专业领域来说都是十分重要和必要的。我们可以从专家那里获得他们在长期学习和工作中形成的知识系统和独特、高效的解决问题的方法，这样就可以大大节省我们解决问题的时间。通常有直接和间接两种获取专家知识的方法，但是这些方法所获得的专家知识并不是完整全面的，也难以获取专家的隐性知识。概念图是用来组织和表征知识的工具，在诱出专家知识时可以更好地表现出专家知识的体系和结构，促进专家知识的诱出，并有效保证诱出知识的准确性。本文通过文献调研的方法，收集并分析了应用概念图诱出专家知识的模式，并结合两个具体案例说明了应用概念图诱出专家知识的全过程。

【关键词】概念图;专家知识;知识诱出;组织记忆;隐性知识

【中图分类号】G434

【文献标识码】A

【文章编号】1007-2179（2009）02-0056-05

【作者简介】赵国庆，博士，讲师，北京师范大学知识工程研究中心（guoqingzh@163.com） ；张璐，北京师范大学教育技术学院硕士研究生。

Expert Knowledge Elicitation Using Concept Maps

——New Application Area of Concept Mapping

ZHAO Guoqing & ZHANG Lu

(R & D Center for Knowledge Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875,China)

Abstract: Expert knowledge is crucial and necessary in any field. Generally speaking, it designates experiential and decisive knowledge which experts use to solve problems. We can acquire particular and effective methods and knowledge systems from experts formed during their learning and working, which would save our time greatly. Usually, we can acquire expert knowledge directly or indirectly, while it is difficult to acquire tacit knowledge from experts. Concept map is a tool that is used to organize and represent knowledge. Concept maps, when used during expert knowledge elicitation, can better represent experts' knowledge structures, accelerate the process of knowledge elicitation, and improve the accuracy of knowledge elicitation. In this article, we review and analyze relevant literature to find the mode on how to elicitate expert knowledge using concept maps.A real case is given to illustrate the whole process of elicitating expert knowledge using concept maps.

Key words:concept map; expert knowledge; knowledge elicitation; institutional memory, tacit knowledge